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Compared with metal materials, Industrial Ceramic biggest advantages is the excellent high temperature mechanical properties, resistance to chemical corrosion, and so on many occasions to gradually replace the expensive high alloy steel or be applied to the metal material could not fit for occasions, such as engine cylinder liner, bearing, seal ring, ceramic cutting tools, etc.
Structural ceramics can be divided into three categories: oxide ceramics, non oxide ceramics and glass ceramics.
Oxide ceramics include alumina, zirconia, mullite and aluminum titanate.alumina ceramic tube, alumina crucible, alumina plate are oxide ceramic. Oxide ceramics is the most prominent advantage is that there is no problem, oxide raw materials are cheap, simple production process.Alumina and zirconia have excellent mechanical properties at room temperature, high hardness and resistance to chemical corrosion, the main drawback is above 1000 ℃ high temperature creep rate is high, the mechanical properties decreased significantly.Alumina and zirconia is mainly used in ceramic cutting tools, ceramic grinding ball, high temperature furnace tube, sealing ring and glass melting pool liners, etc.Mullite room temperature strength belongs to medium level, but it remained the strength level at 1400 ℃, and the high temperature creep rate is extremely low, thus is regarded as one of the ceramic engine main candidate materials.The above three oxide can also be made from foam or fibrous used for high temperature thermal insulation material.Aluminum titanate ceramic micro cracks exist widely in the body, thus has very low thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity.Its main drawback is that intensity is low, can't separate as mechanical components, so it is commonly used in processing lining used for heat preservation, heat shock element, which has been applied in ceramic engine.
Non oxide ceramics including silicon carbide, silicon nitride and acetate (SIALON).With different oxide ceramics, non oxide ceramics primarily through covalent bonds between atoms together, thus has higher hardness, modulus, creep resistance, and can keep most of these performance to high temperatures, which is incomparable oxide ceramics.Sintering is very difficult, but they must at high temperature (1500 ~ 2500 ℃) and the presence of sintering additives to achieve the high density products, sometimes have to be achieved by means of hot-pressing sintering, hope the density (> 95%), so the production cost of non oxide ceramics generally higher than the oxide ceramics.These not containing silicon oxide ceramics also has excellent high temperature corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and so was the most important material, ceramic engine currently have replaced many high alloy steel parts.The use of current best high alloy steel temperature below 1100 ℃, and the engine fuel combustion temperature above 1300 ℃, thus widely used high pressure water forced cooling.After being non oxide ceramics instead of high alloy steel, the combustion temperature can increase to more than 1400 ℃, and don't need water cooling system, in terms of energy use and environmental protection, it has important strategic significance.Non oxide ceramics are widely used in ceramic cutting tools.Compared with the oxide ceramics, its cost is high, but the high temperature toughness, strength, hardness, excellent creep resistance, and long tool life, allows high cutting speed, and thus an increasingly important position in the cutting tool market.Its application areas include lightweight non-lubricated ceramic shaft bearing, seal, kiln furniture and grinding balls, etc.
Glass ceramic glass and ceramics is the main difference between crystallinity, is crystallized glass and ceramics is polycrystalline material.Glass exist obvious softening, before is far lower than the melting point and ceramic softening temperature and melting point is very close, and the mechanical properties of the ceramic and the use of temperature is much higher than the glass.Outstanding advantage of the glass is available in vitreous softening temperature and melting point between various molding, simple technique and low cost.Glass ceramic glass process performance and mechanical properties of the ceramic, it USES glass molding technology manufacturing products, and then high temperature crystallization process for ceramic.Industrial system of glass ceramic with magnesium aluminum silicate, lithium magnesium aluminum silicate and calcium - magnesium - aluminum silicate series, they are often used to make high temperature resistance and thermal shock products, such as cooking utensils.In addition as building decoration materials, they are being more and more widely used, such as floors, decorative glass.